E - the type of elements maintained by this setpublic class TreeSet<E> extends AbstractSet<E> implements NavigableSet<E>, Cloneable, Serializable
NavigableSet implementation based on a TreeMap.
The elements are ordered using their natural
ordering, or by a Comparator provided at set creation
time, depending on which constructor is used.
This implementation provides guaranteed log(n) time cost for the basic
operations (add, remove and contains).
Note that the ordering maintained by a set (whether or not an explicit
comparator is provided) must be consistent with equals if it is to
correctly implement the Set interface. (See Comparable
or Comparator for a precise definition of consistent with
equals.) This is so because the Set interface is defined in
terms of the equals operation, but a TreeSet instance
performs all element comparisons using its compareTo (or
compare) method, so two elements that are deemed equal by this method
are, from the standpoint of the set, equal. The behavior of a set
is well-defined even if its ordering is inconsistent with equals; it
just fails to obey the general contract of the Set interface.
Note that this implementation is not synchronized.
If multiple threads access a tree set concurrently, and at least one
of the threads modifies the set, it must be synchronized
externally. This is typically accomplished by synchronizing on some
object that naturally encapsulates the set.
If no such object exists, the set should be "wrapped" using the
Collections.synchronizedSortedSet
method. This is best done at creation time, to prevent accidental
unsynchronized access to the set:
SortedSet s = Collections.synchronizedSortedSet(new TreeSet(...));
The iterators returned by this class's iterator method are
fail-fast: if the set is modified at any time after the iterator is
created, in any way except through the iterator's own remove
method, the iterator will throw a ConcurrentModificationException.
Thus, in the face of concurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly
and cleanly, rather than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at
an undetermined time in the future.
Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed
as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the
presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators
throw ConcurrentModificationException on a best-effort basis.
Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this
exception for its correctness: the fail-fast behavior of iterators
should be used only to detect bugs.
This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.
Collection,
Set,
HashSet,
Comparable,
Comparator,
TreeMap,
Serialized Form| Constructor and Description |
|---|
TreeSet()
Constructs a new, empty tree set, sorted according to the
natural ordering of its elements.
|
TreeSet(Collection<? extends E> c)
Constructs a new tree set containing the elements in the specified
collection, sorted according to the natural ordering of its
elements.
|
TreeSet(Comparator<? super E> comparator)
Constructs a new, empty tree set, sorted according to the specified
comparator.
|
TreeSet(SortedSet<E> s)
Constructs a new tree set containing the same elements and
using the same ordering as the specified sorted set.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
boolean |
add(E e)
Adds the specified element to this set if it is not already present.
|
boolean |
addAll(Collection<? extends E> c)
Adds all of the elements in the specified collection to this set.
|
E |
ceiling(E e)
Returns the least element in this set greater than or equal to
the given element, or
null if there is no such element. |
void |
clear()
Removes all of the elements from this set.
|
Object |
clone()
Returns a shallow copy of this
TreeSet instance. |
Comparator<? super E> |
comparator()
Returns the comparator used to order the elements in this set,
or null if this set uses the natural ordering of its elements.
|
boolean |
contains(Object o)
Returns
true if this set contains the specified element. |
Iterator<E> |
descendingIterator()
Returns an iterator over the elements in this set in descending order.
|
NavigableSet<E> |
descendingSet()
Returns a reverse order view of the elements contained in this set.
|
E |
first()
Returns the first (lowest) element currently in this set.
|
E |
floor(E e)
Returns the greatest element in this set less than or equal to
the given element, or
null if there is no such element. |
SortedSet<E> |
headSet(E toElement)
Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements are
strictly less than toElement.
|
NavigableSet<E> |
headSet(E toElement,
boolean inclusive)
Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements are less than
(or equal to, if
inclusive is true) toElement. |
E |
higher(E e)
Returns the least element in this set strictly greater than the
given element, or
null if there is no such element. |
boolean |
isEmpty()
Returns
true if this set contains no elements. |
Iterator<E> |
iterator()
Returns an iterator over the elements in this set in ascending order.
|
E |
last()
Returns the last (highest) element currently in this set.
|
E |
lower(E e)
Returns the greatest element in this set strictly less than the
given element, or
null if there is no such element. |
E |
pollFirst()
Retrieves and removes the first (lowest) element,
or returns
null if this set is empty. |
E |
pollLast()
Retrieves and removes the last (highest) element,
or returns
null if this set is empty. |
boolean |
remove(Object o)
Removes the specified element from this set if it is present.
|
int |
size()
Returns the number of elements in this set (its cardinality).
|
Spliterator<E> |
spliterator()
Creates a late-binding
and fail-fast
Spliterator over the elements in this
set. |
NavigableSet<E> |
subSet(E fromElement,
boolean fromInclusive,
E toElement,
boolean toInclusive)
Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements range from
fromElement to toElement. |
SortedSet<E> |
subSet(E fromElement,
E toElement)
Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements range
from fromElement, inclusive, to toElement,
exclusive.
|
SortedSet<E> |
tailSet(E fromElement)
Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements are
greater than or equal to fromElement.
|
NavigableSet<E> |
tailSet(E fromElement,
boolean inclusive)
Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements are greater
than (or equal to, if
inclusive is true) fromElement. |
equals, hashCode, removeAllcontainsAll, retainAll, toArray, toArray, toStringfinalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, waitcontainsAll, equals, hashCode, removeAll, retainAll, toArray, toArrayparallelStream, removeIf, streampublic TreeSet()
Comparable interface.
Furthermore, all such elements must be mutually
comparable: e1.compareTo(e2) must not throw a
ClassCastException for any elements e1 and
e2 in the set. If the user attempts to add an element
to the set that violates this constraint (for example, the user
attempts to add a string element to a set whose elements are
integers), the add call will throw a
ClassCastException.public TreeSet(Comparator<? super E> comparator)
comparator.compare(e1,
e2) must not throw a ClassCastException for any elements
e1 and e2 in the set. If the user attempts to add
an element to the set that violates this constraint, the
add call will throw a ClassCastException.comparator - the comparator that will be used to order this set.
If null, the natural
ordering of the elements will be used.public TreeSet(Collection<? extends E> c)
Comparable interface. Furthermore, all such elements must be
mutually comparable: e1.compareTo(e2) must not throw a
ClassCastException for any elements e1 and
e2 in the set.c - collection whose elements will comprise the new setClassCastException - if the elements in c are
not Comparable, or are not mutually comparableNullPointerException - if the specified collection is nullpublic TreeSet(SortedSet<E> s)
s - sorted set whose elements will comprise the new setNullPointerException - if the specified sorted set is nullpublic Iterator<E> iterator()
iterator in interface Iterable<E>iterator in interface Collection<E>iterator in interface NavigableSet<E>iterator in interface Set<E>iterator in class AbstractCollection<E>public Iterator<E> descendingIterator()
descendingIterator in interface NavigableSet<E>public NavigableSet<E> descendingSet()
NavigableSetremove operation), the results of
the iteration are undefined.
The returned set has an ordering equivalent to
Collections.reverseOrder(comparator()).
The expression s.descendingSet().descendingSet() returns a
view of s essentially equivalent to s.
descendingSet in interface NavigableSet<E>public int size()
size in interface Collection<E>size in interface Set<E>size in class AbstractCollection<E>public boolean isEmpty()
true if this set contains no elements.isEmpty in interface Collection<E>isEmpty in interface Set<E>isEmpty in class AbstractCollection<E>true if this set contains no elementspublic boolean contains(Object o)
true if this set contains the specified element.
More formally, returns true if and only if this set
contains an element e such that
(o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e)).contains in interface Collection<E>contains in interface Set<E>contains in class AbstractCollection<E>o - object to be checked for containment in this settrue if this set contains the specified elementClassCastException - if the specified object cannot be compared
with the elements currently in the setNullPointerException - if the specified element is null
and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
does not permit null elementspublic boolean add(E e)
e to this set if
the set contains no element e2 such that
(e==null ? e2==null : e.equals(e2)).
If this set already contains the element, the call leaves the set
unchanged and returns false.add in interface Collection<E>add in interface Set<E>add in class AbstractCollection<E>e - element to be added to this settrue if this set did not already contain the specified
elementClassCastException - if the specified object cannot be compared
with the elements currently in this setNullPointerException - if the specified element is null
and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
does not permit null elementspublic boolean remove(Object o)
e such that
(o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e)),
if this set contains such an element. Returns true if
this set contained the element (or equivalently, if this set
changed as a result of the call). (This set will not contain the
element once the call returns.)remove in interface Collection<E>remove in interface Set<E>remove in class AbstractCollection<E>o - object to be removed from this set, if presenttrue if this set contained the specified elementClassCastException - if the specified object cannot be compared
with the elements currently in this setNullPointerException - if the specified element is null
and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
does not permit null elementspublic void clear()
clear in interface Collection<E>clear in interface Set<E>clear in class AbstractCollection<E>public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c)
addAll in interface Collection<E>addAll in interface Set<E>addAll in class AbstractCollection<E>c - collection containing elements to be added to this settrue if this set changed as a result of the callClassCastException - if the elements provided cannot be compared
with the elements currently in the setNullPointerException - if the specified collection is null or
if any element is null and this set uses natural ordering, or
its comparator does not permit null elementsAbstractCollection.add(Object)public NavigableSet<E> subSet(E fromElement, boolean fromInclusive, E toElement, boolean toInclusive)
NavigableSetfromElement to toElement. If fromElement and
toElement are equal, the returned set is empty unless fromInclusive and toInclusive are both true. The returned set
is backed by this set, so changes in the returned set are reflected in
this set, and vice-versa. The returned set supports all optional set
operations that this set supports.
The returned set will throw an IllegalArgumentException
on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.
subSet in interface NavigableSet<E>fromElement - low endpoint of the returned setfromInclusive - true if the low endpoint
is to be included in the returned viewtoElement - high endpoint of the returned settoInclusive - true if the high endpoint
is to be included in the returned viewfromElement, inclusive, to toElement, exclusiveClassCastException - if fromElement and
toElement cannot be compared to one another using this
set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator, using
natural ordering). Implementations may, but are not required
to, throw this exception if fromElement or
toElement cannot be compared to elements currently in
the set.NullPointerException - if fromElement or toElement
is null and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
does not permit null elementsIllegalArgumentException - if fromElement is
greater than toElement; or if this set itself
has a restricted range, and fromElement or
toElement lies outside the bounds of the range.public NavigableSet<E> headSet(E toElement, boolean inclusive)
NavigableSetinclusive is true) toElement. The
returned set is backed by this set, so changes in the returned set are
reflected in this set, and vice-versa. The returned set supports all
optional set operations that this set supports.
The returned set will throw an IllegalArgumentException
on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.
headSet in interface NavigableSet<E>toElement - high endpoint of the returned setinclusive - true if the high endpoint
is to be included in the returned viewinclusive is true) toElementClassCastException - if toElement is not compatible
with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator,
if toElement does not implement Comparable).
Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this
exception if toElement cannot be compared to elements
currently in the set.NullPointerException - if toElement is null and
this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator does
not permit null elementsIllegalArgumentException - if this set itself has a
restricted range, and toElement lies outside the
bounds of the rangepublic NavigableSet<E> tailSet(E fromElement, boolean inclusive)
NavigableSetinclusive is true) fromElement.
The returned set is backed by this set, so changes in the returned set
are reflected in this set, and vice-versa. The returned set supports
all optional set operations that this set supports.
The returned set will throw an IllegalArgumentException
on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.
tailSet in interface NavigableSet<E>fromElement - low endpoint of the returned setinclusive - true if the low endpoint
is to be included in the returned viewfromElementClassCastException - if fromElement is not compatible
with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator,
if fromElement does not implement Comparable).
Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this
exception if fromElement cannot be compared to elements
currently in the set.NullPointerException - if fromElement is null and
this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator does
not permit null elementsIllegalArgumentException - if this set itself has a
restricted range, and fromElement lies outside the
bounds of the rangepublic SortedSet<E> subSet(E fromElement, E toElement)
NavigableSetThe returned set will throw an IllegalArgumentException on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.
Equivalent to subSet(fromElement, true, toElement, false).
subSet in interface NavigableSet<E>subSet in interface SortedSet<E>fromElement - low endpoint (inclusive) of the returned settoElement - high endpoint (exclusive) of the returned setClassCastException - if fromElement and
toElement cannot be compared to one another using this
set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator, using
natural ordering). Implementations may, but are not required
to, throw this exception if fromElement or
toElement cannot be compared to elements currently in
the set.NullPointerException - if fromElement or
toElement is null and this set uses natural ordering,
or its comparator does not permit null elementsIllegalArgumentException - if fromElement is
greater than toElement; or if this set itself
has a restricted range, and fromElement or
toElement lies outside the bounds of the rangepublic SortedSet<E> headSet(E toElement)
NavigableSetThe returned set will throw an IllegalArgumentException on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.
Equivalent to headSet(toElement, false).
headSet in interface NavigableSet<E>headSet in interface SortedSet<E>toElement - high endpoint (exclusive) of the returned setClassCastException - if toElement is not compatible
with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator,
if toElement does not implement Comparable).
Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this
exception if toElement cannot be compared to elements
currently in the set.NullPointerException - if toElement is null
and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator does
not permit null elementsIllegalArgumentException - if this set itself has a
restricted range, and toElement lies outside the
bounds of the rangepublic SortedSet<E> tailSet(E fromElement)
NavigableSetThe returned set will throw an IllegalArgumentException on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.
Equivalent to tailSet(fromElement, true).
tailSet in interface NavigableSet<E>tailSet in interface SortedSet<E>fromElement - low endpoint (inclusive) of the returned setClassCastException - if fromElement is not compatible
with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator,
if fromElement does not implement Comparable).
Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this
exception if fromElement cannot be compared to elements
currently in the set.NullPointerException - if fromElement is null
and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator does
not permit null elementsIllegalArgumentException - if this set itself has a
restricted range, and fromElement lies outside the
bounds of the rangepublic Comparator<? super E> comparator()
SortedSetcomparator in interface SortedSet<E>public E first()
SortedSetfirst in interface SortedSet<E>NoSuchElementException - if this set is emptypublic E last()
SortedSetlast in interface SortedSet<E>NoSuchElementException - if this set is emptypublic E lower(E e)
NavigableSetnull if there is no such element.lower in interface NavigableSet<E>e - the value to matche,
or null if there is no such elementClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be
compared with the elements currently in the setNullPointerException - if the specified element is null
and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
does not permit null elementspublic E floor(E e)
NavigableSetnull if there is no such element.floor in interface NavigableSet<E>e - the value to matche,
or null if there is no such elementClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be
compared with the elements currently in the setNullPointerException - if the specified element is null
and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
does not permit null elementspublic E ceiling(E e)
NavigableSetnull if there is no such element.ceiling in interface NavigableSet<E>e - the value to matche,
or null if there is no such elementClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be
compared with the elements currently in the setNullPointerException - if the specified element is null
and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
does not permit null elementspublic E higher(E e)
NavigableSetnull if there is no such element.higher in interface NavigableSet<E>e - the value to matche,
or null if there is no such elementClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be
compared with the elements currently in the setNullPointerException - if the specified element is null
and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
does not permit null elementspublic E pollFirst()
NavigableSetnull if this set is empty.pollFirst in interface NavigableSet<E>null if this set is emptypublic E pollLast()
NavigableSetnull if this set is empty.pollLast in interface NavigableSet<E>null if this set is emptypublic Object clone()
TreeSet instance. (The elements
themselves are not cloned.)public Spliterator<E> spliterator()
Spliterator over the elements in this
set.
The Spliterator reports Spliterator.SIZED,
Spliterator.DISTINCT, Spliterator.SORTED, and
Spliterator.ORDERED. Overriding implementations should document
the reporting of additional characteristic values.
The spliterator's comparator (see
Spliterator.getComparator()) is null if
the tree set's comparator (see comparator()) is null.
Otherwise, the spliterator's comparator is the same as or imposes the
same total ordering as the tree set's comparator.
spliterator in interface Iterable<E>spliterator in interface Collection<E>spliterator in interface Set<E>spliterator in interface SortedSet<E>Spliterator over the elements in this set Submit a bug or feature
For further API reference and developer documentation, see Java SE Documentation. That documentation contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions, with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples.
Copyright © 1993, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Also see the documentation redistribution policy.